BABY TALK DESY PUTRIANI (0743042006)

“An Analysis of Baby Talk by using Palembang Language”

(Second Language Acquisition Assignment)




By:
DESY PUTRIANI
0743042006

Lecturer: Drs. Heri Yufrizal, M.A., Ph.D








ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
ARTS AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY
UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG
2011

The Definition of Baby Talk


As we know that baby talk is a community model which serves every family with a child birth to age then providing information, encouragement, children's books and activities.Baby talk comes alongside parents during this critical time to empower and encourage them as parents, by providing direct and innovative services to all families, with more intensive services dedicated to families who may be at-risk because of parents' income, age or education. It means that, Parents profoundly influence their child's language development, including their ability to listen, understand, and communicate. From birth to three years is the crucial window of opportunity during which a child's learning potential is at its fullest and most formative. Now with this amazing book, parents can use the revolutionary BabyTalk program to maximize their baby's language skills- and provide a solid foundation for later learning-in just thirty minutes a day.

We can discover how to best talk to your child-and what to talk about-at each stage of development,including how to

• CREATE an environment in your home that most benefits your baby's development
• NURTURE your child to become a confident communicator
• STRENGTHEN his or her ability to concentrate and retain information
• STIMULATE your child with specific toys and books at each stage
• RECOGNIZE problems that may hinder language development
• PRESENT games, play ideas, and words to stimulate the imagination
Baby talk helps babies learn language. Research shows that babies prefer to listen to our silly baby talk from birth. Why is that, you might ask? Well, consider what baby talk sounds like. It tends to be high pitched and very sing-song, and we drag out our vowels, as in "hiiiii baaaaaby." So baby talk stands out in the environment compared to the boring way we talk to other adults.
Babies can pick things out about language faster when they hear baby talk than when they hear the kind of speech we use to each other. So there's no need to try to suppress the baby talk that you do naturally to your baby. You share a lot of positive, happy feelings with your baby when you do it, and your baby enjoys it. So have no guilt about using baby talk.
Mothers are not the only individuals who use baby talk. Research shows that dads do it, and even four year olds to two year olds. So if Dad feels like making a fool of himself for the baby and talking like Mickey Mouse that's fine. Babies will love it, just as they love to hear their mothers talk in that high-pitched, singsong way.

When do babies start to talk?

Babies start to talk at around 12 months of age, but starting to talk is different than understanding talk. They understand sometimes as many as 100 words by the time they're 10 months of age. Now that's a lot of words, and not every baby will understand that many, but we know, for example, that babies understand the words "mommy" and "daddy" by six months of age, and know that these words are attached to their own mommy and daddy and not just to any man or woman.
So don't be fooled; just because your baby isn't saying anything yet doesn't mean that your baby doesn't already know a lot about language. Babies are amazing in how they talk. We describe experiments that show that babies are like little statisticians at 8 months of age, figuring out important properties of the language they hear.
Does it matter what baby's first words are?
Babies first words tend to come from a fairly small set. They are usually names of people or pets or sometimes an object that they use a lot, like a ball. We haven't met any babies yet who talked about death and taxes in their first words. They talk about things they can act on an Our Mission is d things or people they love.

The Purpose of Baby Talk

There are two main purpose if we learn about baby talk, these are:
To empower the babies to be able to effectively communicate their needs and wishes through the symbols based on Palembang Sign Language before speech is mastered, thus encouraging holistic care.
To empower parents and educators to better understand the needs and wishes of their children before speech is mastered, whilst encouraging the development of language.
When do babies talk ?
It's an important issue, when do babies talk ? And it concerns all parents. There are many special unforgettable moments during the growth of babies that are worth waiting for. Such moments are very fun and amazing for parents to watch, this includes the first time he says "mommy" or "dad", or when he learns to walk, talk and learn a few words, etc. Any new thing he can do.
The first sign of vocalisation appear at the age of one month with a little humming sound (aah, oh)which is different from crying. The baby then starts babbling and saying monosyllables (da, ma, ba, yaya) and laughing by then end of the fourth month.

WHY BABY TALK?

The same functional motivations that underlie adult speech to other adults also shape adult speech to children.
To understand why baby talk exists, and why it is sometimes structurally indistinguishable from language used for similar purposes in speech to adults, we focus on how language functions in human interactive behavior.
Language-as-interaction can be divided into five main areas: pedagogy, control, affection, social exchange, and information. Our goal in looking at each of these five areas is to establish that baby talk is a coherent language style used both with children and adults, and that it arises for identifiable, logical reasons.

DOES BABY TALK HELP?

Occasionally, use of an isolated baby talk feature may put a temporary damper on the emergence of a specific linguistic construction (e.g., delay in the development of pronouns if parents regularly substitute nouns for pronouns). Overall, though, baby talk as a speech register has never been shown to hamper linguistic growth.
What about positive benefits? When linguists have asked whether baby talk is a beneficial speech style, they have been concerned exclusively with whether the use of baby talk features by parents correlates with a child's subsequent development of conversation, phonology, meaning, or especially syntax.
By now it is recognizable, however, that pedagogy is but one function of baby talk. Baby talk is also an instrument of control, a means of expressing affection, and a device for prompting social interaction. While the pedagogical effects of baby talk are best measured through the child's subsequent language development, the effects of these other three functions must be assessed through the adult speaker: Does the adult gain control? Does the adult's language express his or her emotions? Does baby talk foster social exchange?
Every parents must individually evaluate the efficacy of baby talk, especially when it functions for control or as an expression of affection. One parent may find special language features (such as the use of diminutives) to be a comfortable way of expressing affection, while another parent might supplement normal language with lots of hugs and kisses.
What about baby talk and social interaction? Does this use of baby talk foster language development in the child? Does it benefit the parent? The answer to both questions is "yes." Human language grows out of people's need to interact with one another. The child needs to learn the formal words and constructions that make this interchange possible. The adult needs to feel that the infant in his arms is a real human with whom he can communicate, even though the child, as yet, knows only how to gurgle and cry.

“An Analysis Baby Talk by using Palembang Language”

We can analyze how far babies try to learn first language by the other people except their mother. I use palembang language because I’m Palembangnese, the majority of my families use Palembang language as a main language in our environment. That’s why I try to understand what he speaks then I record their voice by using audio-visual media.
The conversation below between alex and putri, they are full sibling. Putri is a sister, and she is ten years old, then alex is her youngest brother, he is four years old. Both of them lived in Way Halim, Putri is a student of 4th grader in elementary school, then Alex haven’t school but he spend his activity in a playgroup.


Occasion One
Conversation by using Palembang Language

Putri : Oi alex ngapo kau diem bae? Kau nak maem apo??
Alex : iyo

Putri : Kau nak maem apo kagek ayuk embek’i?
Alex : cucu yuk (susu)

Putri : oh kau nak minum susu yo,,yo sudah tunggu denget yo!!
Alex : cu-cu ca-pi enyak..

Putri : Bukan enyak tapi le-mak, cubo dek bilang le-mak, le-mak ni-an
Alex : le-mak ni-an

Putri : apo dio yang lemak dek?
Alex : cu-cu ca-pi
cucu-capi le-mak ni-an

Putri : Pinter alex..ini cucunyo minum yang ladas ye..
Alex : (geleng2) dah au agi


Putri : hufh ngapo dak abis cucunyo,,yasuda kalo cak itu payo kito maen diluar bae
Alex : maen po?

Putri : Alek nak maen ekar atau lego??
Alex : ekal tu po yuk?


Putri : Ekar lex cubo bilang e-karrrrrr bukan ekal
Alex : e-kagh,,e-kal saro yuk dak pacak ngomong “r”

Putri : Ekar itu kelereng, cubo dilatih lagi yo bilang “r” nyo
Alex : yo lah yuk

Outside the room, they are playing “ekar” (marble) together, at about 15 minutes putri leaves alex playing alone in front of their home
After that alex come in to the house then crying

Putri : (shock) Alex ngapo baju kau kotor galo cak tu?
Alex : (crying) hhuuhu..hu..hu..hiks..hiks..T_T

Putri : Sudah la berenti pulo nangis tu ringam aku..
Alex : yuk jingok kaki aku..(still crying)

Putri : Ya Allah dek, ngapo laju berdarah cak itu, kau bebala yo tadi??
Alex : idak yuk alex campak

Putri : Hah campak..Nyampak yo nyampak dimano?
Alex : di stu yuk parak got

Putri : Sudah sini ayuk obati payo kito ke kamar mandi dulu
Alex : nak ngapoi yuk?

Putri : nak dibersihi dulu lukanyo siram banyu abis tu diobatin
Alex : dak alak atit yuk ciram banyu

Putri : yo lambat-lambat bae lex dak atit ko’
Alex : mokase yuk dak atit agi



Occasion Two

In this occasion, there are 3 people, Lady (ten years old), Lexa (3 years old), and Bu betty (Lady’s mother)..and then one cat (the name is pipi). They sit on the yard…in the evening…
Lexa : namanya capa
Cat : miaawwy
Lexa : pipi ya
Lady : udah cekolah blum?
Lady : bilang pipinya uda cekolah blum?
Lexa : udah olah lum?
Lady : lexa udah
Lexa : leca udah
Lady : cekolah dimana?
Lexa : eeeuuann club (chaky club)
Lady : (ask to cat) uda emam blum pi?
Lexa : uda emam pi?
Lady : lexa udah
Lexa : lexa uda
Lady : pake apa dek?
Lexa : pake kecap
Bu Bety: dek mau makan mie gak?
Lexa : eehhh
Bu bety: ibu masakin mie ya?
Lexa : ya
Bu bety: mie apa?
Lady : goyeng apa rebus?
Lexa : mie lebus
Lady : pake kuah gak?
Lexa : ehm kuah
Lady : kita nanyi yuk
Lexa : (geleng-geleng) ehh ehm ma makaan
Lady : ibu udah mateng blum?
Lady : bilang ibu mie na uda mateng blum
Lexa : (gemas dengan pipi) watuatautaaua iiiyyhhh
Lexa : eeatttt a pipina
Lady : iya ayok nyanyi pipina yuuk?
Lady : nyanyi sama-sama pi,,lihaaat kebunku
Lexa : penyu denan bungak…. Ada yang putih…Adaan yang meyah
Setiap hayi..siraam mua,,,
Lady : mawar melati..
Lexa : semuana indah..
Lady : horeeee, nyanyi apa lagi?
Bu bety: balonku ada lima
Lady : eh nyanyi itu,, happy birthday to you..
Lexa : happy bisday to yu,,ehhaapi bechday,,,bech day,,, epi bech day to yuu..
Lady : tiup lilina..
Lexa : tiup lilina,,tiup lilina cekayang juga,,hahahaha,,
Lady : sekarang juga
Lexa : haha pipina ketawaa (sambil menunjuk pipi (cat))
Lexa : tu pipina ketawaa,,ahahaha..
Lady : yuk nyanyi lagi pi yuk,,nyanyi pelangi..pelangi
Lexa : alangka indamuu,,
Lady : meyah
Lexa : kuning hijau,,di langit yang -----(silent)
Lady : pelukis mu agung..siapa
Lexa : eehhmmrangan..pelangi..pelangi
Ciptaan Auuhann…holeee







CONCLUSION

From the conversation above I can conclude that the child produce his new language by using simple words. He doesn’t use complete sentence but it has been clear enough to be understood by adult. For example when the sister asks him “nak maem apo lex?” cucu yuk, cu-cu ca-pi en-yak,, then his sister gives correction about alex’s utterance. She also say “Bukan enyak tapi le-mak, cubo dek bilang le-mak, le-mak ni-an”. It means that sister knows that alex have a mistake, so she can give correction by repeating a word “le-mak ni-an” directly in order to make alex understand about what the sister want (not enyak alex but le-mak ni-an).

After that I realize that usually Palembang people cannot say letter ‘r’ clearly, because they have short tongue, even a child, so if they want to say “r” clearly, he should practice a lot starting from baby. Like the example:
Putri : Alek nak maen ekar atau lego??
Alex : ekal tu po yuk?

Putri : Ekar lex cubo bilang e-karrrrrr bukan ekal
Alex : e-kagh,,e-kal saro yuk dak pacak ngomong “r”

Putri : Ekar itu kelereng, cubo dilatih lagi yo bilang “r” nyo
Alex : yo lah yuk

Then he says “campak” (terjatuh) not “nyampak”. It occurs because he only remembers about what the children usually said, so he doesn’t use complete word to answer the questions.





In Occasion two
From the conversation we can analyze their characteristics when the adult communicated or talked with toddler, as follows:
1. The adult communicate with Lexa in short, simple and clear patterns in order to make him easily understand, and also there are many repetition that Lady’s talk.
2. The adult sometimes could not get what Lexa said. She asked him to repeat in order to know what Lexa actually said. So, as an adult we should make use of our patience when toddler is trying to say something you do not understand. If the child tries several times to communicate something to you yet you still do not understand him, ask him to show you what he actually means.
3. Besides that, we also can analyze that the adult tried to attract Lexa’s attention when he began to communicate with him. For example: When Lady invites Lexa to sing a song together..(“yuk kita nyanyi yuk dek”), so Lexa sing a song that Lady’s said directly (reflex), then when Lady began to sing, Lexa continues the lyric directly. For example:
Lady : yuk nyanyi lagi pi yuk,,nyanyi pelangi..pelangi
Lexa : alangka indamuu,,
Lady : meyah
Lexa : kuning hijau,,di langit yang -----(silent)
Lady : pelukis mu agung..siapa
Lexa : eehhmmrangan..pelangi..pelangi
Ciptaan Auuhann…holeee
4. Finally, we can conclude that in interacting with toddler, in this particular case four years old, adults use short and simple terms to communicate with toddler. The adults also should get toddler’s attention when they want to talk to the toddler. It could be done by getting down to his level to talk face-to-face with toddler or using gestures. This will help the toddler to hear what the adults are trying to say and help him learning to pay attention when others talked to him. Next, the adults can encourage toddler to talk by asking open-ended questions which require more than “yes” or “no” answers.